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Cosmology deals with the physical situation that is the context in the large for human existence (Christopher Smeenk, George Ellis)
On the one hand, the argument arises from human curiosity as to why there is something rather than nothing or than something else. It invokes a concern for some full, complete, ultimate, or best explanation of what exists contingently. On the other hand, it raises intrinsically important philosophical questions about contingency and necessity, causation and explanation, part/whole relationships (mereology), possible worlds, infinity, sets, the nature of time, and the nature and origin of the universe (Bruce Reichenbach)
https://cg.org.es/esa-previews-euclid-mission-s-deep-view-of-dark-universe-46
Unsplash / Ben Lambert
ESA Previews Euclid Mission’s Deep View of ‘Dark Universe’
To study dark energy’s effect throughout cosmic history, astronomers will use Euclid to create detailed, 3D maps of all the stuff in the universe. With those maps, they want to measure how quickly dark energy is causing galaxies and big clumps of matter to move away from one another. They also want to measure that rate of expansion at different points in the past. This is possible because light from distant objects takes time to travel across space. When astronomers look at distant galaxies, they see what those objects looked like in the past
27 Mar 2025, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)
To study dark energy’s effect throughout cosmic history, astronomers will use Euclid to create detailed, 3D maps of all the stuff in the universe. With those maps, they want to measure how quickly dark energy is causing galaxies and big clumps of matter to move away from one another. They also want to measure that rate of expansion at different points in the past. This is possible because light from distant objects takes time to travel across space. When astronomers look at distant galaxies, they see what those objects looked like in the past
27 Mar 2025, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)
https://cg.org.es/how-ai-assesses-the-end-of-the-universe-a-computational-framework-for-cosmological-prognosi-45
Unsplash / Nick Fewings
How AI Assesses the End of the Universe: A Computational Framework for Cosmological Prognosis
When tasked with predicting or modelling the end of the universe, can leverage its decision-making algorithms and data analysis capabilities to assess various cosmological scenarios. Using an advanced computational framework, we explore AI's capacity to integrate cosmological data, physical laws, and uncertainty modelling in predicting the most probable end-state of the universe. We introduce a set of mathematical models that AI might use to analyse these scenarios, incorporating key factors such as dark energy, entropy, and cosmological expansion. The paper delves into how AI's predictive algorithms can be used to identify critical thresholds in the evolution of the universe and whether these models can offer meaningful insights into cosmological fate
5 Fev 2025, ResearchGate
When tasked with predicting or modelling the end of the universe, can leverage its decision-making algorithms and data analysis capabilities to assess various cosmological scenarios. Using an advanced computational framework, we explore AI's capacity to integrate cosmological data, physical laws, and uncertainty modelling in predicting the most probable end-state of the universe. We introduce a set of mathematical models that AI might use to analyse these scenarios, incorporating key factors such as dark energy, entropy, and cosmological expansion. The paper delves into how AI's predictive algorithms can be used to identify critical thresholds in the evolution of the universe and whether these models can offer meaningful insights into cosmological fate
5 Fev 2025, ResearchGate
https://cg.org.es/the-shell-model-of-the-universe-a-universe-generated-from-multiple-big-bangs-44
Unsplash / Denys Argyriou
The Shell Model of the Universe: A Universe Generated from Multiple Big Bangs
The Current Standard Model of the Universe asserts that the universe is generated from a single Big Bang event followed by inflation. There is no center to this universe, hence, no preferential reference frame to describe the motions of celestial objects. We propose a new, Shell Model of the Universe, which contends that the universe is created from multiple, concentric big bangs. Accordingly, that origin presents itself as a unique, preferential reference frame, which furnishes the simplest description of the motions of galaxies in the cosmos. This is similar in manner to how planetary motion is more straightforwardly described via a sun-centered Solar System rather than an earth-centered one. The appeal of the Shell Model of the Universe lies in its simplistic ability to resolve the paradox of quasars, explain the variability in Hubble’s Constant, and solve the problematic accelerated expansion of the universe
1 Jan 2025, SCIRP
The Current Standard Model of the Universe asserts that the universe is generated from a single Big Bang event followed by inflation. There is no center to this universe, hence, no preferential reference frame to describe the motions of celestial objects. We propose a new, Shell Model of the Universe, which contends that the universe is created from multiple, concentric big bangs. Accordingly, that origin presents itself as a unique, preferential reference frame, which furnishes the simplest description of the motions of galaxies in the cosmos. This is similar in manner to how planetary motion is more straightforwardly described via a sun-centered Solar System rather than an earth-centered one. The appeal of the Shell Model of the Universe lies in its simplistic ability to resolve the paradox of quasars, explain the variability in Hubble’s Constant, and solve the problematic accelerated expansion of the universe
1 Jan 2025, SCIRP
https://cg.org.es/there-are-5-eras-in-the-universe-s-lifecycle-right-now-we-re-in-the-second-era-43
Unsplash / Paula Guerreiro
There are 5 eras in the universe’s lifecycle. Right now, we’re in the second era
There are many ways to consider and discuss the past, present, and future of the universe, but one in particular has caught the fancy of many astronomers. First published in 1999 in their book The Five Ages of the Universe: Inside the Physics of Eternity, Fred Adams and Gregory Laughlin divided the universe’s life story into five eras: Primordial Era, Stellferous Era, Degenerate Era, Black Hole Era and Dark era
23 Nov 2024, Big Think
There are many ways to consider and discuss the past, present, and future of the universe, but one in particular has caught the fancy of many astronomers. First published in 1999 in their book The Five Ages of the Universe: Inside the Physics of Eternity, Fred Adams and Gregory Laughlin divided the universe’s life story into five eras: Primordial Era, Stellferous Era, Degenerate Era, Black Hole Era and Dark era
23 Nov 2024, Big Think
https://cg.org.es/the-science-illuminated-by-the-first-light-in-the-universe-42
Unsplash / Sincerely Media
The science illuminated by the first light in the universe
About 13.8 billion years ago, our universe ballooned outward at an incredible speed. Everything we observe today, which had been packed tightly together, expanded in a roiling mass of light and particles. It took 380,000 years for this hot, dense soup to thin and cool enough to allow light to travel through it. This first light, dating back to the formation of early atoms, is called the cosmic microwave background and can still be detected today
27 Out 2024, Stanford Report
About 13.8 billion years ago, our universe ballooned outward at an incredible speed. Everything we observe today, which had been packed tightly together, expanded in a roiling mass of light and particles. It took 380,000 years for this hot, dense soup to thin and cool enough to allow light to travel through it. This first light, dating back to the formation of early atoms, is called the cosmic microwave background and can still be detected today
27 Out 2024, Stanford Report
https://cg.org.es/time-likely-to-end-within-earth-s-lifespan-say-physicists-41
Unsplash / Hana Lopez
Time Likely To End Within Earth’s Lifespan, Say Physicists
They say an infinitely expanding universe cannot be so because the laws of physics do not work in an infinite cosmos. For these laws to make any sense, the universe must end, say Raphael Bousso at the University of California, Berkeley and few pals. And they have calculated when that is most likely to happen
4 Oct 2024, MIT Technology Review
They say an infinitely expanding universe cannot be so because the laws of physics do not work in an infinite cosmos. For these laws to make any sense, the universe must end, say Raphael Bousso at the University of California, Berkeley and few pals. And they have calculated when that is most likely to happen
4 Oct 2024, MIT Technology Review
https://cg.org.es/the-thermal-limits-to-life-on-earth-40
NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory
The thermal limits to life on Earth
If we wish to assess the possibility of life elsewhere in the universe, we need first to understand the physical factors that constrain the existence of life in the only example available for study, namely here on Earth. Limits to life could theoretically be set by one of any number of environmental factors, or combination of these, such as pressure, pH, ionizing radiation, or the presence of particular elements or compounds. In this paper, I examine the limits to life on Earth set by one such factor: temperature
Sep 25 2024, Cambridge University Press
If we wish to assess the possibility of life elsewhere in the universe, we need first to understand the physical factors that constrain the existence of life in the only example available for study, namely here on Earth. Limits to life could theoretically be set by one of any number of environmental factors, or combination of these, such as pressure, pH, ionizing radiation, or the presence of particular elements or compounds. In this paper, I examine the limits to life on Earth set by one such factor: temperature
Sep 25 2024, Cambridge University Press
https://cg.org.es/quantum-fluctuations-in-open-pre-big-bang-cosmology-39
Unsplash / Tom Roberts
Quantum fluctuations in open pre-big bang cosmology
We solve exactly the (linear order) equations for tensor and scalar perturbations over the homogeneous, isotropic, open pre-big bang model recently discussed by several authors. We find that the parametric amplification of vacuum fluctuations (i.e. particle production) remains negligible throughout the perturbative pre-big bang phase
14 Set 2024, ScienceDirect
We solve exactly the (linear order) equations for tensor and scalar perturbations over the homogeneous, isotropic, open pre-big bang model recently discussed by several authors. We find that the parametric amplification of vacuum fluctuations (i.e. particle production) remains negligible throughout the perturbative pre-big bang phase
14 Set 2024, ScienceDirect
https://cg.org.es/the-evolution-of-intelligent-design-arguments-38
Unsplash / Jared Poledna
The Evolution of Intelligent Design Arguments
Two versions of the argument from design are distinguished: first, the argument that organisms exhibit design (biological design); and second, the argument that the universe as a whole does (cosmological design). The history of the argument is traced from its roots in pre-Christian times with Aristotle, through its medieval expression by Aquinas to its heyday in the early modern period with the rise of modern science. Paley’s presentation of the argument is discussed in the light of the scientific knowledge of the time. The criticisms of Kant, who argued that the argument establishes at best the existence of a demiurge working with preexisting materials, and Hume, who argued that other equally plausible explanations of apparent design in nature are available, are noted
8 Sep 2024, Oxford Academic
Two versions of the argument from design are distinguished: first, the argument that organisms exhibit design (biological design); and second, the argument that the universe as a whole does (cosmological design). The history of the argument is traced from its roots in pre-Christian times with Aristotle, through its medieval expression by Aquinas to its heyday in the early modern period with the rise of modern science. Paley’s presentation of the argument is discussed in the light of the scientific knowledge of the time. The criticisms of Kant, who argued that the argument establishes at best the existence of a demiurge working with preexisting materials, and Hume, who argued that other equally plausible explanations of apparent design in nature are available, are noted
8 Sep 2024, Oxford Academic
https://cg.org.es/cosmological-argument-37
Unsplash / Colton Sturgeon
Cosmological Argument
The cosmological argument is less a particular argument than an argument type. It uses a general pattern of argumentation (logos) that makes an inference from particular alleged facts about the universe (cosmos) to the existence of a unique being, generally identified with or referred to as God. From these facts philosophers and theologians argue deductively, inductively, or abductively by inference to the best explanation that a first cause, sustaining cause, unmoved mover, necessary being, or personal being (God) exists that caused and/or sustains the universe
10 Aug 2024, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
The cosmological argument is less a particular argument than an argument type. It uses a general pattern of argumentation (logos) that makes an inference from particular alleged facts about the universe (cosmos) to the existence of a unique being, generally identified with or referred to as God. From these facts philosophers and theologians argue deductively, inductively, or abductively by inference to the best explanation that a first cause, sustaining cause, unmoved mover, necessary being, or personal being (God) exists that caused and/or sustains the universe
10 Aug 2024, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
https://cg.org.es/a-black-hole-is-a-one-way-exit-from-our-universe-36
Unsplash / Dima Pechurin
A black hole is a one-way exit from our universe
Does the inside of a black hole lead to another universe, as some scientists have claimed? The truth is, no one really knows. We cannot do a direct experiment to find out, even in principle, since no information or evidence can ever get back out of a black hole. That's what makes it so important to find and study black holes from the outside, while at the same time developing theories that can more confidently predict what might happen on the inside of the black hole
29 Jul 2024, NASA
Does the inside of a black hole lead to another universe, as some scientists have claimed? The truth is, no one really knows. We cannot do a direct experiment to find out, even in principle, since no information or evidence can ever get back out of a black hole. That's what makes it so important to find and study black holes from the outside, while at the same time developing theories that can more confidently predict what might happen on the inside of the black hole
29 Jul 2024, NASA
https://cg.org.es/alien-life-may-not-even-look-like-life-35
Unsplash / Stas Ostrikov
Alien Life May Not Even Look Like Life
At an incredibly basic level, we look for life elsewhere in the universe by looking for ourselves. “Ourselves” here is not exclusive to humans. Rather, it refers to all forms of Earthlings. When we look to the stars—and to the numerous planets orbiting those stars—trying to spot signs of life, we’re looking not for any life at all, but for life as we know it
23 Jul 2024, Popular Mechanics
At an incredibly basic level, we look for life elsewhere in the universe by looking for ourselves. “Ourselves” here is not exclusive to humans. Rather, it refers to all forms of Earthlings. When we look to the stars—and to the numerous planets orbiting those stars—trying to spot signs of life, we’re looking not for any life at all, but for life as we know it
23 Jul 2024, Popular Mechanics
https://cg.org.es/the-aliens-are-silent-because-they-are-all-extinct-34
Unsplash / Kvnga
The aliens are silent because they are all extinct
Life on other planets would likely be brief and become extinct very quickly, say astrobiologists from ANU Research School of Earth Sciences.In research aiming to understand how life might develop, the scientists realised new life would commonly die out due to runaway heating or cooling on their fledgling planets. "The universe is probably filled with habitable planets, so many scientists think it should be teeming with aliens," said Dr Aditya Chopra, lead author on the paper, which is published in Astrobiology. "Early life is fragile, so we believe it rarely evolves quickly enough to survive." "Most early planetary environments are unstable. To produce a habitable planet, life forms need to regulate greenhouse gases such as water and carbon dioxide to keep surface temperatures stable."
18 Jul 2024, The Australian National University
Life on other planets would likely be brief and become extinct very quickly, say astrobiologists from ANU Research School of Earth Sciences.In research aiming to understand how life might develop, the scientists realised new life would commonly die out due to runaway heating or cooling on their fledgling planets. "The universe is probably filled with habitable planets, so many scientists think it should be teeming with aliens," said Dr Aditya Chopra, lead author on the paper, which is published in Astrobiology. "Early life is fragile, so we believe it rarely evolves quickly enough to survive." "Most early planetary environments are unstable. To produce a habitable planet, life forms need to regulate greenhouse gases such as water and carbon dioxide to keep surface temperatures stable."
18 Jul 2024, The Australian National University
https://cg.org.es/does-quantum-theory-imply-the-entire-universe-is-preordained-33
Unsplash / Iker Urteaga
Does quantum theory imply the entire Universe is preordained?
Was there ever any choice in the Universe being as it is? Albert Einstein could have been wondering about this when he remarked to mathematician Ernst Strauss: “What I’m really interested in is whether God could have made the world in a different way; that is, whether the necessity of logical simplicity leaves any freedom at all.”
10 Jul 2024, Nature
Was there ever any choice in the Universe being as it is? Albert Einstein could have been wondering about this when he remarked to mathematician Ernst Strauss: “What I’m really interested in is whether God could have made the world in a different way; that is, whether the necessity of logical simplicity leaves any freedom at all.”
10 Jul 2024, Nature
https://cg.org.es/if-our-universe-is-just-a-random-occurrence-science-has-a-big-problem-32
Unsplash / mikhail Marchenko
If Our Universe Is Just a Random Occurrence, Science Has a Big Problem
According to theoretical physicist Alan Lightman, scientists — and in particular, physicists — have long assumed that they’d someday be able to work out the basic principles and laws that logically and inevitably lead to our universe. Current theories, however, raise another, very unnerving possibility
2 Jul 2024, Big Think
According to theoretical physicist Alan Lightman, scientists — and in particular, physicists — have long assumed that they’d someday be able to work out the basic principles and laws that logically and inevitably lead to our universe. Current theories, however, raise another, very unnerving possibility
2 Jul 2024, Big Think
June 2024
– The Passage of Time is Not an Illusion: It's a Projection
– Parallel Universes
– Was the Big Bang Really a Big Bounce?
– The Beginning of Time
– The Passage of Time is Not an Illusion: It's a Projection
– Parallel Universes
– Was the Big Bang Really a Big Bounce?
– The Beginning of Time
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